LXXVIII. Output Control Functions

Introduzione

The Output Control functions allow you to control when output is sent from the script. This can be useful in several different situations, especially if you need to send headers to the browser after your script has began outputting data. The Output Control functions do not affect headers sent using header() or setcookie(), only functions such as echo() and data between blocks of PHP code.

Requisiti

Non sono necessarie librerie esterne per utilizzare questo modulo.

Installazione

Non � necessaria nessuna installazione per usare queste funzioni, esse fanno parte del core di PHP.

Configurazione di Runtime

Il comportamento di queste funzioni � influenzato dalle impostazioni di php.ini.

Tabella 1. Output Control configuration options

Name	Default	Changeable
output_buffering	"0"	PHP_INI_PERDIR\|PHP_INI_SYSTEM
output_handler	NULL	PHP_INI_PERDIR\|PHP_INI_SYSTEM
implicit_flush	"0"	PHP_INI_PERDIR\|PHP_INI_SYSTEM

For further details and definition of the PHP_INI_* constants see ini_set().

Breve descrizione dei parametri di configurazione.

output_buffering boolean/integer

You can enable output buffering for all files by setting this directive to 'On'. If you wish to limit the size of the buffer to a certain size - you can use a maximum number of bytes instead of 'On', as a value for this directive (e.g., output_buffering=4096).

output_handler string

You can redirect all of the output of your scripts to a function. For example, if you set output_handler to mb_output_handler(), character encoding will be transparently converted to the specified encoding. Setting any output handler automatically turns on output buffering.

Nota: You cannot use both mb_output_handler() with ob_inconv_handler() and you cannot use both ob_gzhandler() and zlib.output_compression.

implicit_flush boolean

FALSE by default. Changing this to TRUE tells PHP to tell the output layer to flush itself automatically after every output block. This is equivalent to calling the PHP function flush() after each and every call to print() or echo() and each and every HTML block.

When using PHP within an web environment, turning this option on has serious performance implications and is generally recommended for debugging purposes only. This value defaults to TRUE when operating under the CLI SAPI.

Tipi di risorse

Questa estensione non definisce alcun tipo di risorsa.

Costanti predefinite

Questa estensione non definisce alcuna costante.

Esempi

Esempio 1. Output Control example

<?php ob_start(); echo "Hello\n"; setcookie("cookiename", "cookiedata"); ob_end_flush(); ?>

In the above example, the output from echo() would be stored in the output buffer until ob_end_flush() was called. In the mean time, the call to setcookie() successfully stored a cookie without causing an error. (You can not normally send headers to the browser after data has already been sent.)

Nota: When upgrading from PHP 4.1 (and 4.2) to 4.3 that due to a bug in earlier versions you must ensure that implict_flush is OFF in your php.ini, otherwise any output with ob_start() will not be hidden from output.

Vedere anche

See also header() and setcookie().

Sommario
flush -- Flush the output buffer
ob_clean -- Clean (erase) the output buffer
ob_end_clean -- Clean (erase) the output buffer and turn off output buffering
ob_end_flush -- Flush (send) the output buffer and turn off output buffering
ob_flush -- Flush (send) the output buffer
ob_get_clean -- Get current buffer contents and delete current output buffer
ob_get_contents -- Return the contents of the output buffer
ob_get_flush -- Flush the output buffer, return it as a string and turn off output buffering
ob_get_length -- Return the length of the output buffer
ob_get_level -- Return the nesting level of the output buffering mechanism
ob_get_status -- Get status of output buffers
ob_gzhandler -- ob_start callback function to gzip output buffer
ob_implicit_flush -- Turn implicit flush on/off
ob_list_handlers -- List all output handlers in use
ob_start -- Turn on output buffering
output_add_rewrite_var -- Add URL rewriter values
output_reset_rewrite_vars -- Reset URL rewriter values

add a note User Contributed Notes
Output Control Functions

nobbie @t php d0t net
01-Apr-2004 11:49


There is a problem in MSIE 5.5,6 with regards to Page compression. Users might experience pages not loading completely, or just a blank page.



This articles you are looking for is what you're looking for:

 Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 312496 (for MSIE 6)

 Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 313712 (for MSIE 5.5)



It states that you should upgrade to the latest MSIE Service Pack to fix the following problem:



Internet Explorer May Lose the First 2,048 Bytes of Data That Are Sent Back from a Web Server That Uses HTTP Compression

tijmen
09-Jul-2003 10:44


Trying to benchmark your server when using output_buffering ?

Don't forget that the value 4096 in the php.ini will give you complete different loadtimes compares to the value of 1.

In the first case the output will be sent after buffering 4096 and the loadtime timed at the end of the page will contain the loadtime needed to download the complete page in the clientbrowser while the second value will contain the loadtime needed to place the complete page in the buffer. The time needed for sending is not clocked.

This can be very frustrating if you don't see the differance between server and the 1st is using 4096 instead of 1.

Although technically much faster than the second server the second server was providing much better loadtime results.

This result will grow when using large amounts of output.

But this becomes interesting if you want to measure the time needed for the page to be loaded for the client.

fredrik at rambris dot com
18-Feb-2002 12:53


A cool way to use this is to run the output through HTML-tidy and get really nicelooking output without having to manually add indenting etc. Try this at the end (after doing an ob_start before outputting anything).



<?php

    $str=addslashes(ob_get_contents());

    $fp=popen("echo \"" . $str . "\" | /usr/bin/tidy -i -u -q -latin1 --indent-spaces 1 -wrap 0", "r");

    @$newstr=fread($fp, 99999);

ob_end_clean();

    Header( "Content-length: " . strlen( $newstr ) );

    echo $newstr;

?>

philip at thepr()jects dot ()rg
08-Feb-2001 05:17


A few tutorials exist on this subject :





* http://www.zend.com/zend/art/buffering.php


* http://www.phpbuilder.com/columns/argerich20010125.php3

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